Reference list
Altman, J., Gross, K. & Lowry, S.(2005). Nutritional and behavioural effects of gorge and fast feeding in captive bred lions. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 8: 47-57
AZA Lion Species Survival Plan (2012). Lion Care Manual. Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Silver Spring, MD.
Burger, I., Blaza, S., Kendall, P. (1981) The protein requirement of adult cats. Proceedings of the Nutritional Society 40:102A
Cheeke, P., Dierenfeld, E., (2010) Comparitive animal nutrition and metabolismisn. Wallingford, CABI.
Chew, R. (1965) Water metabolism of mammals. Physiological Mammalogy, Vol 2, pp 43-178. New York: Academic
Clarke, B. C., & Berry, H. H. (1992). Water flux in free-living lions (Panthera leo) in the Etosha National Park, Namibia. Journal of Mammology, 73, 552–558.
Clum, N., Fitzpatrick, M., Direnfeld, E. (1996). Effects of diet on nutritional content of whole vertebrate prey. Zoo Biology, 15: 525-537.
Crissey, S., Slifka, K., Shumway, P., Spencer, S. (2001). Handling frozen/thawed meat and prey items fed to captive exotic animals: A Manual of Standard Operating Procedures. U.S Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Agricultural Library.
Depauw, S., Hesta, M., Whitehouse-Tedd, K., Vanhaecke, L., Verbrugghe, A., Janssens, G. (2013) Animal fibre: the forgotten nutrient in strict carnivores? First insights in the cheetah. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 97: 146-154.
Eloff, F. C. (1984). Food ecology of the Kalahari lion Panthera leo vernayi. Koedoe Supplement: 249– 258.
Fitch, H., Fagan, D. (1982). Focal palatine erosion associated with dental malocclusion in captive cheetahs. Zoo Biology, 1: 295-310.
Haas, S., Hayssen, V., Krausman, P. (2005). Panthera Leo. Mammalian Species, 762: 1-11.
Hines, R. (no date) Diet feeding and nutritional care of captive tigers, lions and leopards. Available at http://www.2ndchance.info/bigcatdiet.htm [4th February, 2014].
Gernshoff, S., Andrus, S., Hegsted, D., Lentini, E. (1957) Vitamin A deficiency in cats. Laboratory Investigation 6, 227-240.
Hayward, M. W., & Kerley, G. I. H. (2005). Prey preferences of the lion (Panthera leo). Journal of Zoology, 267: 309–322.
Hedberg, G., Dierenfeld, E., Rogers, Q. (2007) Taurine and zoo felids: considerations of dietary and biological tissue concentrations. Zoo Biology, 26: 517-531.
Herdt, T. (2002) Gastrointestinal physiology and metabolism. Textbook of Veterinary Physiology, pp. 222–372
Janssens, G. (2010) Carvivore nutrition: bones of contention. 6th European Zoo Nutrition Conference, Barcelona. EAZA.
Lindburg, D. (1988) Improving the feeding of captive felines through application of field data. Zoo Biology, 7: 211-218.
Lyons, J., Young, R., Deag, J. (1997). The effects of physical characteristics of the environment and feeding regime on the behavior of captive felids. Zoo Biology, 16: 71-85.
MacDonald, M., Rogers, Q., Morris, J. (1984) Nutrition of the domestic cat, a mammalian carnivore. Annual Review of Nutrition, 4: 521-562.
McNab, B. K. (2000). The standard energetics of mammalian carnivores: Felidae & Hyaenidae. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 78, 2227–2239.
Morris, J. (2002) Idiosyncratic nutrient requirements of cats appear to be diet-induced evolutionary adaptations. Nutrition Research Reviews, 15, 153-168
Morris, J., Trudell, J., Pencovic, T. (1977) Carbohydrate digestion by the domestic cat Felis catus. British Journal of Nutrition 37:365-73
Nagy, K. A., Girard, I. A., & Brown, T. K. (1999). Energetics of free-ranging mammals, reptiles, & birds. Annual review of nutrition, 19, 247–277.
NRC (2006). Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. National Academy of Sciences – National Research Council, Washington, D.C
Rapson, J. A., & Bernard, R. T. F. (2007). Interpreting the diet of lions (Panthera leo); a comparison of various methods of analysis. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 37, 179–187.
Rivers, J., Sinclair, A., Crawford, M. (1975) Inability of the cat to desaturate essential fatty acids. Nature 258:171-73
Rogers, Q., Morris, J., Freedland., R. (1977) Lack of hepatic enzymatic adaptation to low and high levels of dietary protein in the adult cat. Enzyme 22:348-56
Schaller, G. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A study of predator-prey relations. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
Smith, Y., De Waal, H. O., & Kok, O. B. (2006). Aspects of carcass digestibility by African Lions (Panthera leo Linnaeus, 1758) under captive conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9: 2149– 2152.
Smuts, G. (1979) Diet of lions and spotted hyaenas assessed from stomach contents. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 9:19-25.
Starck, J. (2010). Flexibility of the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates. 6th European Zoo Nutrition Conference, Barcelona. EAZA.
Stevens, C. E., & Hume, I. D. (1995). Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Suchodolski, J.S. (2011) Microbes and gastrointestinal health of cats and dogs. Journal of Animal Science, 89, 1500 – 1530.
Van Valkenburgh, B. (1996) Feeding behaviour in free-ranging, large African carnvivores. Journal of Mammology, 77, 240-254
Vester, B., Burke, S., Dikeman, C., Simmons, L., Swanson, K. (2008). Nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics are different among captive exotic felids fed a beef-based raw diet. Zoo Biology, 27: 126-136.
Visser, H. (2009). Factors influencing lion (Panthera Leo) hime range, movement and diet in Waza National Park, Cameroon. Journal of Zoology, London, 300: 131-142.
Zoran, D. L. (2002). The carnivore connection to nutrition in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 221, 1559–1567.
AZA Lion Species Survival Plan (2012). Lion Care Manual. Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Silver Spring, MD.
Burger, I., Blaza, S., Kendall, P. (1981) The protein requirement of adult cats. Proceedings of the Nutritional Society 40:102A
Cheeke, P., Dierenfeld, E., (2010) Comparitive animal nutrition and metabolismisn. Wallingford, CABI.
Chew, R. (1965) Water metabolism of mammals. Physiological Mammalogy, Vol 2, pp 43-178. New York: Academic
Clarke, B. C., & Berry, H. H. (1992). Water flux in free-living lions (Panthera leo) in the Etosha National Park, Namibia. Journal of Mammology, 73, 552–558.
Clum, N., Fitzpatrick, M., Direnfeld, E. (1996). Effects of diet on nutritional content of whole vertebrate prey. Zoo Biology, 15: 525-537.
Crissey, S., Slifka, K., Shumway, P., Spencer, S. (2001). Handling frozen/thawed meat and prey items fed to captive exotic animals: A Manual of Standard Operating Procedures. U.S Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Agricultural Library.
Depauw, S., Hesta, M., Whitehouse-Tedd, K., Vanhaecke, L., Verbrugghe, A., Janssens, G. (2013) Animal fibre: the forgotten nutrient in strict carnivores? First insights in the cheetah. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 97: 146-154.
Eloff, F. C. (1984). Food ecology of the Kalahari lion Panthera leo vernayi. Koedoe Supplement: 249– 258.
Fitch, H., Fagan, D. (1982). Focal palatine erosion associated with dental malocclusion in captive cheetahs. Zoo Biology, 1: 295-310.
Haas, S., Hayssen, V., Krausman, P. (2005). Panthera Leo. Mammalian Species, 762: 1-11.
Hines, R. (no date) Diet feeding and nutritional care of captive tigers, lions and leopards. Available at http://www.2ndchance.info/bigcatdiet.htm [4th February, 2014].
Gernshoff, S., Andrus, S., Hegsted, D., Lentini, E. (1957) Vitamin A deficiency in cats. Laboratory Investigation 6, 227-240.
Hayward, M. W., & Kerley, G. I. H. (2005). Prey preferences of the lion (Panthera leo). Journal of Zoology, 267: 309–322.
Hedberg, G., Dierenfeld, E., Rogers, Q. (2007) Taurine and zoo felids: considerations of dietary and biological tissue concentrations. Zoo Biology, 26: 517-531.
Herdt, T. (2002) Gastrointestinal physiology and metabolism. Textbook of Veterinary Physiology, pp. 222–372
Janssens, G. (2010) Carvivore nutrition: bones of contention. 6th European Zoo Nutrition Conference, Barcelona. EAZA.
Lindburg, D. (1988) Improving the feeding of captive felines through application of field data. Zoo Biology, 7: 211-218.
Lyons, J., Young, R., Deag, J. (1997). The effects of physical characteristics of the environment and feeding regime on the behavior of captive felids. Zoo Biology, 16: 71-85.
MacDonald, M., Rogers, Q., Morris, J. (1984) Nutrition of the domestic cat, a mammalian carnivore. Annual Review of Nutrition, 4: 521-562.
McNab, B. K. (2000). The standard energetics of mammalian carnivores: Felidae & Hyaenidae. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 78, 2227–2239.
Morris, J. (2002) Idiosyncratic nutrient requirements of cats appear to be diet-induced evolutionary adaptations. Nutrition Research Reviews, 15, 153-168
Morris, J., Trudell, J., Pencovic, T. (1977) Carbohydrate digestion by the domestic cat Felis catus. British Journal of Nutrition 37:365-73
Nagy, K. A., Girard, I. A., & Brown, T. K. (1999). Energetics of free-ranging mammals, reptiles, & birds. Annual review of nutrition, 19, 247–277.
NRC (2006). Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. National Academy of Sciences – National Research Council, Washington, D.C
Rapson, J. A., & Bernard, R. T. F. (2007). Interpreting the diet of lions (Panthera leo); a comparison of various methods of analysis. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 37, 179–187.
Rivers, J., Sinclair, A., Crawford, M. (1975) Inability of the cat to desaturate essential fatty acids. Nature 258:171-73
Rogers, Q., Morris, J., Freedland., R. (1977) Lack of hepatic enzymatic adaptation to low and high levels of dietary protein in the adult cat. Enzyme 22:348-56
Schaller, G. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A study of predator-prey relations. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
Smith, Y., De Waal, H. O., & Kok, O. B. (2006). Aspects of carcass digestibility by African Lions (Panthera leo Linnaeus, 1758) under captive conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9: 2149– 2152.
Smuts, G. (1979) Diet of lions and spotted hyaenas assessed from stomach contents. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 9:19-25.
Starck, J. (2010). Flexibility of the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates. 6th European Zoo Nutrition Conference, Barcelona. EAZA.
Stevens, C. E., & Hume, I. D. (1995). Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Suchodolski, J.S. (2011) Microbes and gastrointestinal health of cats and dogs. Journal of Animal Science, 89, 1500 – 1530.
Van Valkenburgh, B. (1996) Feeding behaviour in free-ranging, large African carnvivores. Journal of Mammology, 77, 240-254
Vester, B., Burke, S., Dikeman, C., Simmons, L., Swanson, K. (2008). Nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics are different among captive exotic felids fed a beef-based raw diet. Zoo Biology, 27: 126-136.
Visser, H. (2009). Factors influencing lion (Panthera Leo) hime range, movement and diet in Waza National Park, Cameroon. Journal of Zoology, London, 300: 131-142.
Zoran, D. L. (2002). The carnivore connection to nutrition in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 221, 1559–1567.